In recent years, social scientists and civil rights advocates have studied a modernday form of residential segregation known as municipal underbounding,1 whereby predominantly
minority communities are kept separate from their larger, predominantly white municipal counterparts. Underbounding occurs when land-use policies and practices result in the systematic exclusion of minority communities from municipal boundaries as cities and towns expand around them. Such exclusion often translates into a denial of services, or, if provided, a lower level of services; reduced access to infrastructure; and political or economic isolation.
UNC Center for Civil Rights
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